TASK 1
Read
the given text. Match the sentences (A-H) to the passages (1-5). There are
three sentences you should not use. Write your answers on the separate answer
sheet.
+Перекласти письмово словосполучення і речення, виділені червоним кольором.
( ) (1) Man has added extraneous
substances to his food since prehistoric times. Salt and spices are the oldest food additives we know of, used by prehistoric man to preserve his meat and fish, and to make the taste more interesting. Today, the
substances, natural and synthetic, added to food run into thousands. Most of
the foods we buy contain one or more additives.
( ) (2) In most developing countries, two-thirds or more of the people live in rural areas, with few, if any, of the services the city-dweller takes for granted. Water taps in houses, for example, are almost unknown. At best,
there may be a village well. Often the only source of water is a lake or a
stream, perhaps several kilometres away. The
drudgery of water-carrying can take up the better
part of every day.
( ) (3) It is not necessary to
emphasize the enormous restrictions
that blindness imposes upon the ordinary procedures of earning a living: we’re only too well aware that we’re in general more
dependent on sight than on smell, touch or hearing. But it’s worth pointing out
that sight affects the knowledge of the world we receive through our other
senses.
( ) (4) Mankind is always searching
for a better life. One way of improving it is to plan
work so that it corresponds to the capacities and needs of the worker. Ergonomics is concerned with fitting work to man. It
doesn’t limit its goal to the elimination of physical
hazards to health, but aims at making the work more
satisfying to the worker.
( ) (5) People need to be made far more aware of
safety in ordinary everyday situations — a classic example, of course, is the
child reaching for the bottle of tablets Mum forgot to lock away — and it seems
to me that the cinema would be the ideal place in which to get the message
across. A film about safety tucked at the end of the forthcoming
attractions and advertisements would then be seen by a
large section of the population.
A Most food nowadays contains additives.
В Books are good.
C Showing short safety films in the cinema would be an
excellent way of promoting awareness of the need for everyday safety
consciousness.
D Work can be organized to suit the capabilities of
humans.
E Juan enjoys playing games.
F We depend on sight.
G Most people in developing countries have to carry
all their water.
H All cartoons are bad.
TASK 2
Read
the text below. For questions (6-10) choose the correct answer (А, В, C or D). Write
your answers on the separate answer sheet.
+Перекласти письмово словосполучення і речення , виділені червоним кольором.
HALF-TRUTHS
Beware of those who use the truth to deceive. When someone tells you something that is true, but
leaves out important information that should be included, he can create a false
impression.
For example, someone might say, ’I just won a hundred
dollars on the lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the
store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!’
This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then
discover that he bought two hundred tickets, and only one was a winner. He’s
really a big loser!
He didn’t say anything that was false, but he deliberately omitted important information. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths
are not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest.
Untrustworthy candidates in political campaigns often
use this tactic. Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, her state
lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another
term. One of her opponents runs an ad saying, ’During Governor Smith’s term,
the sate lost one million jobs!’ That’s true. However an honest statement would
have been, ’During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of two
million jobs’.
Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the law to make false claims so they try to mislead you with the truth. An ad might boast, ’Nine
out of ten doctors recommend Yucky Pills to cure
nose pimples’. It fails to mention that they only asked ten
doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Corporation.
This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad
fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
6 When someone tells you something that is true, but
leaves out important information.
A He give you ten dollars.
В He is a big loser.
C He can create a false impression.
D He is a good liar.
7 Which statement is true according to the article?
A Whenever people tell the truth, they are really
lying.
В You can’t trust gamblers.
C All governors help their states.
D The truth can be used in dishonest ways.
8 What does ’deceive’ mean?
A Removing one’s teeth in public
В Ignore warnings
C Fool
D Repair
9 What does ’omitted’ mean?
A Spent money
В Left out
C Told about
D Exposed
10 The author clearly wants people to ... .
A think carefully about what they read and hear
В wear mismatched socks during political campaigns
C never trust anyone
D vote for female candidates
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